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1.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 32(7): 681-686, jul. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-644578

ABSTRACT

As emas são aves que pertencem ao grupo das ratitas e juntamente com os avestruzes e emus, são as maiores aves vivas na atualidade. Neste trabalho estudou-se os aspectos macroscópicos do aparelho digestório de emas com o intuito de fornecer informações importantes ao estudo dos hábitos alimentares dessas aves, bem como de sua anatomia. Foram utilizados vinte animais jovens com idade entre dois e seis meses obtidos do Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres (Cemas), registrado com criador científico sob o nº 1478912. Após dissecação verificou-se que a língua era pequena, disposta no assoalho da cavidade oral, possui forma rombóide e estava inserida pela sua base por um frênulo. O esôfago era um tubo retilíneo de aspecto elástico com fibras longitudinais, sem dilatação, o que confere a ausência do papo. O proventrículo gástrico apresentava formato fusiforme. O ventrículo gástrico possuía formato ligeiramente oval, quando repleto, internamente era recoberto por uma cutícula gástrica espessa. O intestino delgado era formado por três regiões distintas: duodeno, jejuno e íleo. O duodeno possuía coloração cinza claro e apresentava-se curvado em forma de "U". O jejuno era longo e formado por várias alças curtas dispostas uma sobre a outra e possuía coloração verde escuro. O íleo era de cor cinza e continuo com o jejuno. Na linha ventral ao reto e cloaca, este se estendia em sentido cranial, dorsalmente ao duodeno ascendente. O intestino grosso era formado por dois cecos, um direito e um esquerdo, e o cólon-reto contínuo com o íleo e a cloaca. As estruturas que compõem o aparelho digestório de ema assemelham-se com o que preconiza a literatura, com relação à forma e topografia para a maioria das aves, contudo os cecos são bem desenvolvidos e bastante dilatados nas emas.


Rheas are birds belonging to the ratites group and, among ostriches and emus, are the largest birds currently alive. In this work we studied the macroscopic aspects of rheas' digestive tract in order to provide important information to a better understanding of these birds' eating habits as well their anatomy. Twenty young animals aging between two and six months from the Centre for Wild Animals Multiplication (Cemas, scientific breeding license form Ibama no.1478912) were used. After dissection it was observed that their tongue was small and presented a rhomboid form, being disposed on the oral cavity floor, and inserted in its base by a frenulum. The esophagus was a rectilinear tube with elastic aspect and longitudinal elastic fibers, without dilation, which gives it an absence of crop. The proventriculus presented a fusiform form and the gastric ventricle showed and slightly oval form when filled, and was internally coated with a thick gastric cuticle. The small intestine was composed of three distinct regions: duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The duodenum had a light gray color and showed a "U" curved shaped. The jejunum was dark green, long and composed of several short loops arranged above each other. The ileum had a gray color and was connected with the jejunum. In ventral line to the rectum and cloaca, the ileum extended cranially, dorsally to the ascending duodenum. The large intestine was composed of two caeca, one right and one left, and colon-rectum and ileum were continuous with the cloaca. The structures of the rhea digestive tract resemble those described in the literature regarding to its shape and topography, even though rhea's caeca are well developed and relatively long.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rheiformes/anatomy & histology , Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology , Dissection/veterinary , Feeding Behavior/physiology
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 30(8): 676-684, ago. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-559903

ABSTRACT

Para avaliar a morfologia do tubo digestório da tartaruga verde (Chelonia mydas) 10 animais, 9 juvenis e 1 adulto, foram analisados. A retirada dos órgãos digestórios procedeu-se após abertura do plastrão. A descrição e a medida do comprimento de cada órgão [esôfago, estômago, intestino delgado (ID) e intestino grosso (IG)] foram realizadas com o tubo digestório aberto. Os resultados mostraram que tanto nos animais juvenis como no adulto, o esôfago foi marcado pela presença de papilas pontiagudas em sua mucosa interna. O estômago apresentou aspecto saculiforme com fundo cego. No ID foi observado pregas reticulares na mucosa duodenal, enquanto o jejuno e do íleo mostrou pregas retilíneas longitudinais. O IG foi marcado pela alternância de regiões abauladas (haustros ou saculações) e estreitamentos. A microscopia do tudo digestório em C. mydas revelou esôfago com mucosa pregueada revestida por epitélio estratificado pavimentoso queratinizado. O estômago mostrou-se dividido em regiões: cárdica, fúndica, pilórica, as quais diferiam quanto ao número de glândulas e disposição da camada muscular. O ID apresentou-se marcado por vilosidades, e o IG por mucosa pregueada contendo glândulas na lâmina própria. A morfologia do tubo digestório da tartaruga verde mostrou-se adaptada ao seu hábito alimentar, possuindo especializações e um longo trato digestório que promove o aumento da superfície de absorção, já que seu alimento é de difícil digestão.


The morphology of the digestive tube of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) was evaluated. Nine young e 1 adult turtles were analyzed. The digestive organs withdrew occurred after plastron opening. The length's description and measurement from each organ [esophagus, stomach, small intestine (SI) and large intestine (LI)] were made with digestive tube opened. The results showed that in both the adult and young animals, the esophagus from all species were marked by the presence of pointed papillae on internal mucous. The stomach presented saclike shape with blind fund. In the SI, reticular pleats in the duodenal mucous membrane have been observed, while the jejune and the ileum showed rectilinear longitudinal pleats. The LI was marked by the alternation of arched areas (haustra or sacculations) and narrowings. The microscopy of digestive tube from C. mydas revealed esophagus with folded mucous covered by keratinized and stratified squamous epitheliums. The stomach was divided in regions: cardiac, fundic e pyloric which differed as to the number of glands and the muscle layer's arrangement. The SI presented marked by microvillus, and LI by folded mucous with glands the lamina propria. The morphology of the tube digestive of the green turtle showed to be adapted to your eating habits. A long the digestive tract and specializations provide greater area of absorption and more efficiency in digestion in this species.


Subject(s)
Animals , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/methods , Tissue and Organ Harvesting/veterinary , Turtles/anatomy & histology , Turtles/surgery , Gastrointestinal Tract/cytology , Gastrointestinal Tract/physiology , Staining and Labeling/methods , Staining and Labeling/veterinary , Mucous Membrane
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 27(4): 1261-1268, dic. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-582082

ABSTRACT

Las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TICs) son tecnologías digitales para almacenamiento, transmisión y recepción de informaciones. La sociedad cambió y la educación universitaria debe adecuarse a la presencia de la informática y otras TICs. Las formas de estudio y abordajes del sistema digestivo, sumados a la importancia de sus relaciones anatómicas, lo constituyen un vasto campo para la implementación de TICs. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la importancia de las TICs como herramienta pedagógica en la enseñanza del sistema digestivo a alumnos universitarios, y correlacionarla con características socioeconómicas y educativas. Se realizó una encuesta estandarizada a 305 alumnos universitarios (ciclo 2007) de la asignatura Anatomía (UBA) y se estudiaron los datos con pruebas estadísticas. El 89,1 por ciento considera útil las TICs durante los trabajos prácticos del sistema digestivo (TPSD), prefiriendo a las presentaciones Power Point® (68,1 por ciento). El 78 por ciento consideró los casos clínico-quirúrgicos necesarios para fijar conocimientos y mantener la atención en los TPSD. El 82 por ciento utiliza el Museo Virtual como una herramienta de aprendizaje y estudio. Los alumnos que no trabajan manifestaron mayor adherencia a los casos clínico-quirúgicos mientras que los otros eligieron herramientas que maximizasen su tiempo de estudio y fijasen conocimientos. Observamos una correlación (R2=0,72) entre las horas trabajadas y la utilización de TICs. Las TICs son la base para un entorno nuevo en el que tendrán que desenvolverse los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Se evidencia la necesidad de fomentar una concepción "integradora-educacional" de las TICs.


TICs (Technologies of Information and Communication) are digital technologies for saving, transmitting and receiving information. The society has changed and the University education must be updated due to the presence of computers and other TICs. The ways of studying the digestive system, together with the importance of its anatomical relations, makes it a wide field for the use of TICs. The objective of this study were to evaluate the importance of TICs as a pedagogic tools in teaching the digestive system to University students, and connect it with the social, educational and economic characteristics. A standardized poll was done to 305 university students (year 2007) from the course Anatomy (UBA) and the data was studied with statistic tests. 89,1 percent finds TICs useful during the digestive system TP., preferring Power Point presentations (68.1 percent). 78 percent considered the clinical surgical cases necessary to fixate Knowledge and concentrate during the TPSD. 82 percent uses the Virtual Museum as a tool for learning and study. The students that don't work showed more adherence to the clinic-surgical cases. Meanwhile, the others chose tools that maximize their study time and fixate knowledge. We saw a correlation (r2=0.72) between the amount of hours worked and the use of tics. Tics are a base for a new background in which the process of teaching and learning will have to develop. It can be seen that there is a need to encourage an "educational-integrative" conception of TICs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Anatomy/education , Digestive System , Students, Health Occupations/psychology , Information Technology , Argentina , Data Collection , Learning , Socioeconomic Factors , Teaching
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